Evaluation of cacao theobroma cacao clones against seven colombian isolates of moniliophthora roreri from four pathogen genetic groups. However, these fungicides place selective pressure for resistance on m. The invasive pathogen originated in western colombiaecuador. Moniliophthora roreri attacks theobroma and herrania species causing frosty pod rot. Biodiversity and biogeography of the cacao theobroma cacao. Cacao, moniliophthora roreri, control cultural y quimico. Pdf first report of moniliophthora roreri causing frosty pod rot on.
First report of moniliophthora roreri causing frosty pod rot on theobroma. First report of moniliophthora roreri causing frosty pod rot on theobroma cacao in jamaica. Conversely, frosty pod rot, caused by moniliophthora roreri, and witches broom. Moniliophthora perniciosa is the causal agent of the witches broom disease wbd in cacao but the morphological and molecular diversity of m. Theobroma cacao cacao is the host of major economic concern.
The question of whether these spores are produced via meiosis or mitosis has been. Moniliophthora is a genus of fungi in the family marasmiaceae. Evaluation of cacao theobroma cacao clones against seven. Outbreak of cacao witches broom disease, crinipellis perniciosus. Moniliophthora roreri, the cause of moniliasis or frosty pod rot, occurs on the neotropical rainforest genera theobroma and herrania. The fungus moniliophthora roreri causes moniliasis or frosty pod rot of cacao theobroma cacao, the cocoa tree, one of the most destructive diseases of cacao in latin america, where it is endemic. Moniliophthora roreri salud publica enfermedades y trastornos. Johnson and others published first report of moniliophthora roreri causing frosty pod rot on theobroma cacao in.
Biology, epidemiology and control of moniliasis moniliophthora roreri of cacao. First report of frosty pod rot moniliasis disease caused by. The fungus is currently in an invasive phase and has recently greatly expanded its geographic range evans, 2002. Artigos reaccion a moniliophthora roreri en theobroma spp. Abstract cocoa moniliasis, caused by moniliophthora roreri, is the disease that majors losses in the production it causes averages of 30% in plantations of cacao of ecuador. Pdf first report of frosty pod rot caused by moniliophthora roreri.
Moniliophthora roreri moniliophthora perniciosa keywords. Frosty pod rot fpr, caused by the basidiomycete moniliophthora roreri, is a devastating disease of cacao. Efecto del azoxystrobin sobre moniliophthora roreri. Additionally, they can have adverse environmental and. Frosty pod rot disease of cocoa plants is caused by the basiodiomycete. First report of moniliophthora roreri causing frosty pod. Cacao, genetica, moniliasis, moniliophthora roreri, colombia. Downloads thematic 3 proceedings international cocoa. Moniliophthora roreri is a hemibiotroph with a long biotrophic phase 4590 days.
Important threats to chocolate production worldwide. The disease is economically damaging in the various. Jul 18, 2017 frosty pod rot fpr, caused by the basidiomycete moniliophthora roreri, is a devastating disease of cacao. Moniliophthora roreri, the cause of frosty pod rot fp, is a specialized fungal pathogen family marasmiaceae that invades only actively grow ing pods of cacao. Of frosty pod rot moniliophthora roreri of cocoa in tabasco, mexico. Spore masses, of apparent asexual origin, are produced on the pod surface after initiation of the. Consequently, monilia roreri was reclassified and given its current name, moniliophthora roreri cif. This is the first report of fpr in mexico, where production is now threatened by one of the most devastating cocoa diseases.
Moniliophthora roreri, the causal agent of frosty pod rot of cacao, is a member of the mushroomforming family marasmiaceae marasmiineae, agaricales, basidiomycota. The cacao pathogen moniliophthora roreri marasmiaceae. This fungus, formerly known as monilia roreri, causes frosty pod rot, a serious disease of theobroma cacao. First report of moniliophthora roreri causing frosty pod rot. Moniliophthora roreri began spreading north from panama in 1956 orellana, 1956 and has now reached the northern limit of cocoa cultivation in continental america. Biodiversity and biogeography of the cacao theobroma. Javier correa alvarez, sergio castro martinez y jairo coy. Genetic characterization of moniliophthora perniciosa from. Biology stage of moniliophthora roreri in colombia. Theobroma cacao ematica 417430 abstract one of the most important limitations of cocoa production worldwide is primarily diseases caused by the pathogenic fungi of the genus moniliophthora sp.
Evans, 2016 but it has not been previously reported in the caribbean. In recent years it has expanded its range in south america peru and venezuela and rampaged throughout mesoamerica. Moniliophthora roreri, causal agent of cacao frosty pod rot. First confirmed report of witches broom caused by moniliophthora perniciosa on cacao, theobroma cacao, in saint lucia. Moniliophthora roreri, causal agent of cacao frosty pod rot bailey. In belize, the disease was first detected during a field visit to a small farm in the village of maya mopan, stann creek district in september 2004. Moniliophthora roreri, causal agent of cacao frosty pod. Moniliophthora perniciosa witches broom disease of cacao. While this basidiomycete has had devastating effects on the cacao tree t. First report of frosty pod rot moniliasis disease caused.